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In 1974, the Altair 8800 Computer was released as the first personal computer to be based on a microprocessor. Its first software, Altair Basic, was a high-level language for the system and was developed by an upcoming developer called Micro-Soft. It was made and distributed using long and thin pieces of paper with holes punched through it in a specific sequence called paper tape. A member of the Homebrew Computer Club made fifty copies of Altair Basic and started distributing them illegally. In this sense, Micro-Soft was not get enough royalty fees from the system since many of those systems already had illegal copies of Altair Basic on them. In response, a letter was sent out by its cofounder, Bill Gates; it stated “as the majority of hobbyists must be aware, most of you steal your software. Hardware must be paid for, but software is something to share. Who cares if the people who worked on it get paid? Is this fair?” Since paper tape only manifested as a physical technology Due to the physical limitations of paper tape as a technology, copies could not be actively altered without changing the software itself; thus, not much can be done to alleviate the issue of the distribution of illegal copies of software. It was time for other technologies to step-in and fix this issue.
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Alt-Microsoft Adventure
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Microsoft Adventure
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The first game to introduce copy-right protection was “Microsoft Adventure” and it was released on floppy-disk. According to TechSpot.com, “the scheme worked by distributing the game's data across abnormally numbered disk tracks, so the TRS-80's operating system needed special instructions to read the Microsoft Adventure disk.” This technique was known as on-disc-key-protection.
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The code of the game was distributed through a different numbering scheme across the disk tracks that is normally used when reading the disk; thus, it would require the operating system to receive special instructions when reading the game.
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Alt-Manual Lookup
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Manual Lookup
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In the 1980s, video games would come packaged with a manual that has a plethora of different commands. When you boot up the game, it would prompt you to enter one of those specific commands—this can vary from any kind of information that the developer deems fit. From entering an answer to the name of one of its characters to a specific non-associating list of letters, the experience can be from intuitive to down-right aggravating.
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One method would take it a step further by providing what is called a code wheel. The game would give off a random code. The game copy would then instruct the user to match the code wheel with the corresponding random code and enter what lies beneath that. Another method requires the user to input a serial number that is found on the bottom-left of the game case and it corresponds to that specific game copy.
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